Can you trim your floor down 1.5" and attach the walls to the sides of the floor?
That way you could screw (and glue) from the sides and with pocket screws from the inside. (And cover the plywod edges of the floor.)

I build with sandwiched walls and leave an outside skin that covers the floor. I set the wall on the floor (with PL Premium glue applied) and then screw from the outside and then pocket screws from the inside.
For yours, you could install temporary blocking on the inside of the wall to sit on the floor while you screw from the outside.
Now the weakness of this concept is that you'll have a lot of weight sitting on this joint. I like Tim's (aka NoseOil) rabbet idea. The other thought is to install several 3/8" dowels horizontally after the walls are installed. That would be easy enough.

A thought.
Tony