It sounds like epoxy floor paint is exactly what you're looking for. It goes on thick and you can apply it right over ply. I've used it for conversions of shipping containers and, once it's allowed to cure, it's rock hard and easy to clean. A bit of silica sprinkled onto the floor while wet will give you a non slip floor. And use a half mask respirator: the stuff is
much nastier than laminating resin until it cures. There are also garage floor epoxy kits meant to be applied by homeowners. The stuff I used was an industrial (not marine) product made by Interlux, I don't recall the name. There are also water based formulations like Aquapoxy.
Of course, boats have used gelcoat on decks for a very long time: easy to apply, not as watertight as epoxy but plenty for this application, cheaper than epoxy and quicker to cure.
As far as the FRP goes, it cuts most easily (IME) with an angle grinder and a thin metal cutting disc. As for the itchiness, the trick to set up your work so that you can have a shower after all your cutting is done. Start with the water as cold as you can stand it: your pores will close up and the dust will rinse right off. After a quick rinse, you can add hot to stop the shivering...you'll still need a decent paper mask and a pair of glasses for the dust.
When I'm doing a lot of cutting, I actually wear swim goggles: they seal tight and I can't inadvertently rub my eyes...even if I do look like a raccoon when I'm done

There's also a latex marine nonskid deck paint called KiwiGrip that I've used. It's a bit pricey to buy retail, but it will definitely do what you want. Even though it's latex, you still need to stay off it for a couple days or it'll stain. The non-skid texture is like the spackled ceiling finish that's like a whole bunch of tiny pointed peaks, except that they're rubbery. (I don't recall what that finish is called).