There are remnants of thousand year (or so) old ancient indian villages all over the Southwest. Sometimes these people are called the "Anasazi", but it turns out that term means something like "ancient enemy" to the Navajo. So at Bandelier, where the NPS has help interpreting sites from modern Pueblo, they are called the ancestral Pueblo.
The visitor center and the ruins are in a small canyon. One side of the canyon consists of volcanic tuff, which is relatively soft rock. Entrances to small caves were widened and plastered with mud, making them relatively secure homes and storage areas.
Enemies couldn't attack down the shear cliff sides, and so they would be forced to come up the valley, where they could be fired down upon.
You can see where they dug holes into the rock to hold log roof beams where they extended the building out of the cliff. Evidence of stone building exists, but I wonder if some of the extensions were log cabin like structures, since logs are so plentiful and easier to work with? Of course, the wood work rotted away over the years. The ancient Pueblo also built stone buildings on the canyon floor
The trail from the visitor center goes up-stream for about a mile and a half, terminating with a neat climb up some ladders to a lone house on the side of the cliff
Lots of great natural views too. The trees are mostly oak and ponderosa pine.
Not much wildlife to be seen, but we managed to get these two mugging for the camera
The first part of the trail is now paved (for wheelchair access?) Last time I was there, in 2010, it was packed dirt. They had a fire in the area in 2011, and then floods in 2011 and 2013, and the evidence of flood carried logs is still there.
The Juniper campground is above the canyon, in juniper trees. Very clean, at least this past week, early in the season. Includes flush toilets and hot water for cleaning. There was a kitchen sink cleaning station between the restrooms. An ideal site to test our teardrop
We didn't explore them, but there are also longer trails through the park.
Tom