One of my hobbies is mountain climbing here in the Cascade Mtns of the Pacific NW. I have spent lots of money getting lighter and lighter gear, of course climbing needs gear that would never show when just camping. Ice axe and crampons anyone?
The first time I went on a weekend backpacking trip here, about 5 years ago, I carried nearly 50 lbs and basically filled a 70 liter pack for just one night. Now I live for 4-5 days at a time out of a 60L pack that weighs in at 40-45 lbs. For one or two nights, even with all my glacier travel gear, I'm at around 35 lbs.
The Primus stove Elmo showed or the MSR PocketRocket. JetBoils are great as well. All three of those run off canisters of isobutane....a mix of isopropal alcohol and butane. The canisters come in a couple different sizes and brands, but the mix inside and the threads on the cans are all the same. Cost would be $5 - $9 for the canisters. Bring some matches in case the piezo-electric starter gives out. The Primus and MSR stoves are just stoves, you bring your choice of lightweight pot/pan. Jetboil integrates the pot onto the burner, so you're stuck with what's there.
At REI.... MSR PocketRocket $40. Primus would be similar price. JetBoil $80. You should be able to find any of these stoves at any decent outdoors gear store (REI, Cabellas, BassPro, etc.) or any good sporting goods store.
For bedding...I recommend two blankets, a light to mid weight fleece blanket and a mid weight wool blanket. If you expect it to be really warm, ditch the fleece. It's a lot easier to cool down by kicking the blanket off than trying to warm up, no matter the conditions. If you bring both and only need one, the other can be rolled up for a pillow.
I do use a headlamp and really like them. Leaves both hands free to do stuff. At least have a small flash light (AA sized maglite or similar) and a spare set of batteries. For a lantern....if you aren't in danger of burning the place down with having a candle, I recommend bringing a few little tea candles. They are really lightweight, wax is contained in a little aluminum dish, burn for a couple hours and cost very little. Matches or a Bic lighter are necessary.
Dirk