Tx River Rat wrote:...In tubing it is the same. I am building my frame from 2 by 3 rectangular tubing If I lay it down 3 inches wide and 2 inches tall it is much weaker than the way I am going to run it 2 inches wide 3 inches tall, even though I have much more metal on top and bottom with the tubing laid the first way.
Right - the strength is dependent on the amount of tension and compression the bottom and top flanges can stand, multiplied by how far they are apart... the taller orientation gains even more from increased vertical separation than it loses from reduced top and bottom flange area. Also, keep in mind that in a box tube the sides are plates which are working as beams themselves... as you approach the top or bottom, you find more highly stressed material, which is why a web would ideally be tapered (thinner in the middle) or perforated (holes in the middle) for best use of the material. That's why semi-trailers which are buit with I-beam main rails often have holes in the webs of the I-beams, omitting material where the stress is low.
You can look up the "second moment of inertia" if you want to know how to calculate the stiffness of a beam shape, but I'm usually not keen to do that much math!