Mary C wrote: and as far as bears a 38 will do nicely and I saw a video of a bear getting the campers food out of the tree so that doesn't always work.
Mary C.

Since I've lived in bear country for over a dozen years now, let me share what I have learned. Yup, we actually have black bears roaming through our town. Actually you could say it's their town, since they were here first. Anyway, I've learned that a .38 doesn't always stop a bear right away either. A couple years back, one of my acquaintances shot a bear in the skull with a .38 from about 30 feet away, my friend says he saw the bullet strike the bear in the skull above the right eye. Now I would tend to doubt it too but the man's a preacher, the house was well lit at the time and my friend had an unobstructed view of the bear from the stair landing above where the bear stood. The police investigating the shooting found the spent bullet on the floor and found a trail of blood leading away from the house. So if not a shot to the skull, the bullet struck the bear somewhere. Anyway, the bear continued to break into garages and houses (so a sheet of plywood and foam does not make a good bear deterrent), make a pig of himself on garbage and make himself a general nuisance until winter and hibernation. The bear did not return the following spring and wildlife officials believe that the wound probably got infected and cause the bear to die. It was estimated that the bear weighed about 500 - 550#s.
What was said about the tree limb trick is absolutely true. Bears have figured out they can climb the tree, shake the cache loose from the limb or just break the limb and let it fall to the ground. Use bear boxes when out camping in established campgrounds. If you're in the wilderness use bear proof containers.
Someone said something about smellables. Again very true. And just because we won't eat it doesn't mean a bear won't try. If it smells good, they'll try to eat it. Cosmetics, deodorants, sweet smelling soaps have all become bear attractants. BTW, they love toothpaste.
Best defense against bears while you're out camping is to keep trash and garbage out of your campsite as much as possible, doesn't matter if you're there or not, get rid of it. Always store your food in the bear boxes provided. That includes your smellables. Don't take anything edible or smellable to bed with you at night. Clean up well after meals. Stow your dogs' food too.
Lastly, remember bears are almost always after the food not you. Black bear attacks are pretty rare especially in the wild. Most bears in the US are black bears although they can be any color and black bears are common throughout the US. Grizzly bears (more correctly brown bear) are more likely to attack although those are pretty rare too but more common than black bear attacks. Grizzly bears are most likely to be found in Washington, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana. In the over 40 years that I've been camping in the bear populated West, I've never had any problems with bears, but then again I've always been cautious about stowing my food, including smellables, and getting rid of garbage as soon as I can. If you're gonna carry a weapon, remember that bigger is better but if you just wing it, you'll probably piss it off and it's a bad idea to discharge a firearm if there are other people are around. Just sayin'